Aprofito l’avinentesa d’una polèmica modificació puntual de planejament al meu poble per plantejar algunes qüestions relatives a les dificultats de regular els usos del sòl no urbanitzable a partir d’un planejament urbanístic obsolet i d’un llei d’urbanisme en ocasions massa imprecisa.
El cas és que a rel d’un iniciativa particular s’ha posat de manifest la necessitat de modificar la normativa de planejament de Santa Susanna en una clau molt concreta (23b, sòl d’ús agrícola intensiu) que regula els usos del sòl no urbanitzable a les planes riera amunt del casc urbà. Tot i que es tracta d’una iniciativa particular aïllada, la realitat urbanística actual demostra inequívocament que aquesta modificació és necessària, atès que les situacions de dubtosa (com a mínim) situació urbanística no són poques. I és que la realitat va per endavant de la norma, com sol ser habitual.
Un planejament obsolet
El PGOU del municipi té més de 25 anys d’antiguitat, i planifica un municipi amb una forta tradició agrària. Els espais ordenats per la clau 23b eren fins fa pocs anys espais agraris, correctament regulats per la normativa, almenys des del punt de vista teòric del planejament i de la sensibilitat dels anys 80 respecte a l’entorn i el sòl no urbanitzable. Trenta anys enrere, el planejament urbanístic era principalment una regulació del sòl urbà amb especial atenció a les condicions d’edificació que s’hi permetien, fruit d’una visió del territori pròpia de tècnics que tot i ser molt bons en el seu camp, no eren especialistes en temes de medi ambient, biodiversitat, usos del sòl no urbanitzable, ni paisatges no estrictament urbans. Actualment, la redacció dels Plans d’ordenació urbanística és en mans d’equips pluridisciplinars molt més amatents a aquestes qüestions, en consonància als temps que vivim.
Tornant els espais del 23b de Santa Susanna, és clar que van perdent el seu ús agrari progressivament, atesos els migrats rendiments dels usos que hi són permesos. Ara bé, havent evolucionat l’activitat del poble cap a un turisme, especialment el familiar, aquests espais adquireixen un renovat interès econòmic per a altres tipus d’explotacions vinculades a aquest servei terciari, més rentable. No obstant, el planejament no permet aquests usos, i d’aquí la necessitat de modificar-lo.
La necessitat de regular els usos, també en sòl no urbanitzable
Però alerta! Si es tracta de sòls d’ús agrícola, no és necessari preservar-ne els valors ambientals i paisatgístics? Clarament sí. Aquests espais generen un paisatge divers, i alhora endreçat, que percebem com estètic perquè ens és més fàcil d’entendre. I al mateix temps, la diversitat d’habitats i els espais oberts propers al bosc, generen un augment molt significatiu de la biodiversitat.
I tanmateix, per molt que el planejament els vulgui protegir de cap altre ús, l’activitat agrària sembla condemnada, i per tant, els valors que hi són associats també. A llarg termini, els espais oberts es convertiran en un continu forestal, similar al que ocupa els vessants propers, homogeneïtzant el paisatge i empobrint-ne la biodiversitat.
No sent capaços de recuperar, de fer viable, l’activitat agrària, sembla doncs raonable modificar el planejament urbanístic per permetre noves activitats vinculades a un turisme sostenible.
La proposta de l’Ajuntament, i d’aquí la polèmica, s’ha limitat en primera instància a incorporar tots els usos admesos en l’article 47.4 de la llei d’urbanisme, és a dir, tots aquells admesos en sòl no urbanitzable pel conjunt de Catalunya, sense cap més regulació que l’adapti a la realitat territorial del municipi. Una modificació ràpida i senzilla d’elaborar, però que deixa oberta la porta a projectes molt diversos i realitzats sense cap mena de compromís amb el seu entorn físic, social o econòmic. Projectes que potencialment podrien malmetre la qualitat ambiental i paisatgística del seu entorn, quan precisament -estem parlant de turisme- aquest és un dels punts forts dels espais regulats.
Quan en sòl urbà es regulen els usos admesos i prohibits de forma estricta i concreta, en sòl no urbanitzable també convé fer-ho. Quan en el sòl urbà es concreten les condicions de l’edificació (volums, alineacions de carrer, tipologies de les cobertes, o fins i tot, colors, material i formes dels elements decoratius), en sòl no urbanitzable també cal detallar les condicions (afectacions al patrimoni, soroll, contaminació lumínica, usos vegetals, tancaments, senyalització, etc) per implantar una nova activitat minimitzant-ne l’impacte ambiental i paisatgístic, i aportant en cas necessari les mesures correctores adients.
En definitiva doncs, es fa palesa la necessitat de dur a terme aquesta modificació puntual de planejament, a l’espera del nou i gruat POUM, però no és menys necessari, sinó més encara, dur-la a terme amb rigor, concretant quins són els nous usos admesos i prohibits, i quines condicions han de tenir per tal de garantir d’una banda la qualitat ambiental i paisatgística dels espais en els que s’implanten, i per altra, assegurar-se que en un futur més o menys llunya, no puguin aparèixer interessos -ara potser inimaginables- que puguin malmetre el territori, convertint-se fins i tot, en una perjudici per aquelles activitats implantades amb la sensibilitat i encert necessaris per garantir la qualitat a l’entorn i el dinamisme a la societat.
Malauradament, els nostres polítics, alguns dels nostres tècnics/funcionaris que articulen aquestes modificacions, i part de la població, no consideren necessari i fonamental, preveure quines són les conseqüències de les nostres accions, a mitjà i fins i tot, a curt termini.
Tenim esperança!! I necessitem professionals com tu, formats i conscienciats!!
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